Celiac's Disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Celiac's Disease - Essay Example "The incidence of auto immune disorders in the general US population is 3.5 % (The University of Chicago Celiac Disease Center 2)." As per some well informed estimates, nearly 3 million Americans suffer from celiac disease. An average healthy person in the US has roughly 1 in 133 chances of being affected by this disorder. Persons having a first-degree or second-degree relative suffering from celiac disease do often have a more then average probability of being affected by this disease. Most of the patients suffering from celiac disease develop related complications owing to a delayed diagnosis. Thus an early diagnosis of celiac disease is very important as this may significantly reduce the risk of developing further complications (The University of Chicago Celiac Disease Center 2). Though the etiology of celiac disease has not conclusively been established till date, environmental, immunologic and genetic factors have been found to be significant contributors to the disease. The most prominent environmental factor is the association of this disease with gluten. Not only does gluten restriction plays a central role in the treatment of this disease, but the insertion of gluten in the normal appearing rectum and distal ileum of the affected patients results in discernable morphologic changes (Kasper, et al. 1771). An immunologic component to this disease is strongly suspected because of the presence of "serum antibodies- IgA antigliadin, IgA antiendomysial and IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTg) (Kasper et al. 1771)" in the affected patients. Also the patients treated with prednisolone have been found to respond favorably. A genetic factor is certainly associated with this order, since the Caucasians have been found to have a higher prevalence of celiac diseas e as compared to blacks and Asians (Kasper et al. 1771).Though the symptoms of celiac disease may vary from patient to patient, the common symptoms may involve: bloating, abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, discolored teeth or loss of enamel, joint pain, significant unexplained weight loss, delayed growth, fractures or thin bones, bulky or loose stools, fatigue, tingling or numbness in the limbs, canker sores, irritability or behavior changes, poor weight gain and missed menstrual periods (National Foundation for Celiac Awareness). Illnesses like: Anemia, depression, Type I diabetes, Sjogren's syndrome, dermatitis herpetiformis, infertility, IBS, peripheral neuropathy, Turner Syndrome, osteoporosis, thyroid disease, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, intestinal cancer, Down syndrome, Williams syndrome, may also be linked to celiac disease (National Foundation for Celiac Awareness).The most credible way of diagnosing celiac sprue is a small intestine biopsy. A biopsy should unexceptionally be performed on the patients exhibiting distinct symptoms of celiac disease, like nutrient deficiency and malabsorption (Kasper et al. 1772). Many a times the patients suffering from celiac disease fail to exhibit any distinct or conspicuous symptoms of this malady. In the recent years, the incidence of asymptomatic cases of celiac disease has been on the rise (Craig et al 1). Thus it is imperative for a

International economics ECON-370 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

International economics ECON-370 - Assignment Example idence indicates that there was a gain in the real wage increase for the workers in the US, despite Mexico experiencing a reduction in the real wage rates (Blecker and Gerardo, 18). Therefore, it can be seen that the beneficiaries of NAFTA were specifically the US wage earners, while the losers were the Mexican wage earners. There have been gains in trade that can be attributed to NAFTA for both Mexico and the US. The bilateral trade expanded rapidly in the period 1993-2000. This gain in trade expansion was notably reaped by Mexico, which replaced Japan as the second largest trading partner of the US, by early 200 (Blecker, 8). Besides NAFTA, there were other factors that positively impacted on the trade between the US and Mexico, which include the separate Free Trade Agreements that both countries had entered into, as well as other macroeconomic factors that include oil prices and exchange rates (Blecker, 5). The US workers have fared well due to NAFTA, since it has caused an increa se in their real wage rates, despite causing a reduction of the same, for the Mexican workers (Blecker and Gerardo,

Perspectives on Community and Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Perspectives on Community and Health - Essay Example In nursing, the word community means a group of people sharing at least a single common characteristic. However, Hitchcock et al (2003) define community as â€Å"a little more than large number of individuals†. Generally health is considered to be the absence of disease (Gottlieb, 2012); however the concept of health defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) is â€Å"a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.† The community’s role in determining the state of health of a person and health behavior is quite important (Young & Van Niekerk, 2004). For instance, the facilities available in rural and urban settings differ and thus influence the state of well-being and the behavior of the people. Each community has its own culture and in nursing it is crucial to have an understanding of the culture and what makes one community different from the other (Srivastava, 2007). According to Wolgin (2005), a better knowledge and understanding of the cultural differences enables the nurses to provide better and more sensitive care and services. Nursing can be divided into two broad categories; clinical nursing and community health nursing. Community health nursing varies from clinical nursing in the sense that community health focuses on prevention of diseases while clinical nursing aims at restoring the health of the patient or making the expected death as comfortable as possible. The primary goal of community health is to overcome the threats to health before symptoms of pathology become detectable (Muecke, 1984). The community health nursing is concerned about the healthcare of the population as a whole. A clinical nurse focuses on developing a caring relationship that promotes health and healing of an individual in a clinical setting where as the main task of a community health nurse is the identification of health problems, prevention of disease and disability and promotion of he alth. The community health nurse works in different settings such as schools, homes, business establishments, clinics and offices. Both community health nurses and clinical nurses share common core values, beliefs and assumptions. The beliefs and assumptions help them determine what is right or wrong and thus provide care in a thoughtful and meaningful manner. These beliefs and assumptions guide them that all patients are equal and must have equal access to healthcare facilities. The Core Values of Nursing Although compassionate care is defined as the core of nursing, human dignity, autonomy, integrity, social justice and altruism (Callara, 2008) are the five actual core values of nursing. Human dignity is recognized as the core value of nursing practice with other values either arising from it or working to preserve it. This value signifies the fact that all human beings deserve respect irrespective of their age, gender, ethnic origin, status, religion, political ideology or crimin al record. This value therefore recognizes that every individual or community has its inherent values and culture. For instance, some ethnic communities have their own way customs and folk healing practices and therefore the nurse needs to be very careful when introducing western medicine. Autonomy pertains to collaborative decision making and is restricted by

Sports Development Essay Example for Free

Sports Development Essay Within my placement period for sport development I wanted a placement that was both challenging and interesting. For me it seemed too easy to apply to my old school to teach PE. I wanted to do something with a sport that was under developed, with this in mind I secured a placement with Dance Northern Ireland the largest dancesport organisation on the island. Introduction to organisation Dance Northern Ireland is located in Holywood and was formed in 1997 with clearly defined aims,objectives and operating principles. Dance NIs role is that of facilitator and promoter of dance in general, whilst reaching out to as wide an audience as possible. The development of Dance in Northern Ireland with opportunities for the development of professional practice and performance are paramount. Also the commitment to quality, equality and accessibility for all. Dance N I has a Board of Directors with a management team lead by Director Vicky Maguire and six other salaried staff. Dance NI functions with a large volunteer base and operates on a relatively small budget of  40,076 per annum largely funded by the Arts Council of Northern Ireland and Belfast City Council. As an organisation they regularly seeks funding from other sources. Introduction to your role in the organisation After my initial meetings with the Director, I was placed to work with Jane Moore, the Marketing, Education and Outreach officer in the capacity of Outreach Assistant with specific duties relating to the Earthquake Festival. Role: Outreach Assistant As Outreach Assistant my function was to assist with all aspects of the marketing and education remit of Dance NI under the direction of Jane Moore. This involved planning, entry on database, collation and execution of mailshots including follow up where directed. I was personally responsible for the distribution and delivery of 5000 Earthquake mailshots (lists supplied) My role also involved personal contact with schools/colleges/organisations to liason/research any aspect that was required. The Director also asked me to perform at the press launch of Earthquake at the Waterfront and to assist on the day at the Press launch. This involved dealing with/networking with press, TV and invited dignatories. As a follow up workshops were organised at the Island Arts Centre and I took a coaching workshop on Latin American Dance and assisted with the performance evening with Ballet Lorient. Three Reports Report 1: Sport in the community Dance N Is ultimate driving force is to see equality of dance on a par with other art forms in Northern Ireland while attracting international recognition for Northern Irelands dance talent, events, school and education and professional standards. Dance N I aims to be at the forefront of dancesport development in the community, to making a significant development contribution, through which indigenous dance talent flourishes and to act as an industry led dance agency. With that said they also want to develop dance studios and are seeking a purposed built dance centre for the Northern Ireland community. Dance NI also promote the benefits of dance by demonstrating health, creative, social, spiritual aspects to all age groups and communities. This aspect of the organisation has attracted support from Ballygowan Water with their new advertisements on TV and their financial contributions. Ballygowan see Dance NI as a perfect partnership in promoting wellbeing. With Ballygowan on board this has helped with funding and sponsorship of the Earthquake festival. Dance NI facilitate access to dance in all areas and for all socio-economic and cultural groups with guidance and information source for dancesport students, professionals and the general public. Other aims of Dance N I are to facilitate training and performance, with support in schools and education. To stimulate awareness of dance through promotion in the media. Education and outreach is a large part of the Dance NI programme as this is seen as an important part of development within the local community. The Education Department run training, roadshows and masterclasses for schools and community groups. Tailored dance packages offered to schools and community groups comprising of workshops, performances, demonstrations, EMU projects, curriculum support, lectures, career information, Tasters/aferschools and an intensive 2-day package and special events. Dance NI has developed the Atlantic Dance Exchange, an international exchange for dancers in cooperation with the dance faculty of the University of Colorado at Boulder in America. Reciprocal visits will be arranged for students, tutors and practitioners. Dance NI has sucessfully lobbied for the introduction of the first degree opportunity iin Dance for Northern Ireland. Report 2: Youth Sport North West Within the company they have educational and outreach projects on going thoughout the year, theses project have moved from strength to strength over the last few years. The structure of the project cleverly overlaps, so individuals/ organisations can participate in one aspect of the project, and these inital links are built upon. so they can tap into other dance opportunities throughout the year. The audience development project is therefore not a flash in the pan, or a quick-fix answer, but is laying down strong foundations for all members of the community to enjoy and participate in many aspects of dancesport, catering for a wide range of objectives and needs. Within the project they have many roadshows, these offer primary/secondary schools, colleges and community centres within N. Ireland a tailored dancesport package operational from their site. Each of the organisations that they work for, have different aims and obectives, and DNI attempt to craft the outreach project to accommodate these, foscuing on educational, physical, social, intellectual, creative and emotional needs. The roadshows have been used for MU projects, school plays, health days, PE/Dance GCSE targets, personal development, cross-curricular projects, confidence booter, or just for pure fun! All schools/centres who have undertaken a roadshow automatically become a member of DNI, and receive regular information of other DNI opportunites throughout the year which they often avail of. These include: summer school, gala night, all Ireland Youth Dance Festival, reisidencies, Earthquake Festival, etc. The feedback from the roadshows has been outstanding from teachers, leaders and participants alike. Many schools have asked the dance tutors to stay on and teach weekly, developing sturdy foundations of dance in the heart of the school. Others have asked for choreographers to help develop skills for schools entries in dance competitions. Community centres and health organisations have requested intensive hoilday dance sessions. It is anticpated that the roadshows will prove an invaluable asset for teachers due to the change in the Northern Ireland PE curriculum.

Questions and Answers on the Growth and Success of Starbucks

Questions and Answers on the Growth and Success of Starbucks Evaluate the role played by Howard Schultz in the growth and success of Starbucks. Is the company in danger of relying too heavily on Mr. Schultz? Howard Schultzs vision was for Starbucks to become a national company with values and guiding principles that employees could be proud of. Schultz wanted to recreate the authentic Italian coffee bar culture in the United States (Thompson, Peteraf et al, 2012). He believed that building a company that valued and respected its people, that inspired them, and that shared the fruits of success with those who contributed to the companys long term value was essential, not just as an intriguing option. His aspiration was for Starbucks to become the most respected brand name in coffee and for the company to be admired for its corporate responsibility (Thompson, Peteraf et al, 2012). Schultz strategized a plan to lead the Starbucks Coffee Company by speculating to open 125 stores in the next five years of the companys operation. To symbolize the merging of Starbucks and II Giornale, Schultz instituted new changes by creating a new logo and equipping espresso machines in all the coffee resta urants. In 1987, Schultz was able to regain the mood of the employees and also ventured in new markets such as Vancouver, Chicago, Portland, Los Angeles and San Francisco. Starbucks store expansion targets proved easier to meet than Schultz had originally anticipated and he upped the numbers to keep challenging the organization and so there was 161 stores, which was above Schultzs original target of 125 stores in 1992 (Thompson, Peteraf et al, 2012). Howard Schultz argued that patience was needed as the company invested in the infrastructure to support continued growth. He contended that hiring experienced executives ahead of the growth curve, building facilities far beyond current needs, and installing support systems laid a strong foundation for rapid, profitable growth down the road. Even though Schultz was the founder of the Starbucks Corporation and managed it for long time, I dont think the company would be in danger if he leaves the position he holds today. Some basic reasons to these are, since Starbucks heavily depends on Schultz, I believe he most likely has a careful succession plan for the betterment of the company. I also firmly believe that Schultz has already developed a sound contingency plans for his position. That is he might already have set the plan of who should take over the reins on a short notice. If these strategies are in place, then Starbucks future would not be uncertain. Discuss the business engineering processes used by Starbucks to stay competitive. How does the company track performance and use its control systems? Starbucks created its own house team of architects and designers to ensure that each store would convey the right image and character. Stores had been custom -designed because the company didnt buy real estate or build its own freestanding structures, rather, each space was leased in an existing structure, making each store differ in size and shape. The company had emphasized the four stages of coffee making: growing, roasting, brewing, and aroma. With increase in its stores, greater store diversity and layout quickly became necessary. The company had some special seating areas to help make it a desirable gathering place. The company also came with the drive through windows in locations where speed and convenience were important. Just as recent as June 2009, the company announced a new global store design strategy (Thompson, Peteraf et al, 2012). This meant that each new store was to be a reflection of the environment in which it operated and was to be environmentally friendly. To better control average store opening costs, the company centralized buying, developed standard contracts and fixed fees for certain items, and consolidated work under those contractors who displayed good cost-control practices (Thompson, Peteraf et al, 2012). The retail operations group outlined exactly the minimum amount of equipment each core store needed so that standard items could be ordered in volume from vendors at 20 to 30 percent discounts, then delivered just in time to the store site either from the company warehouses or the vendor. Modular designs for display cases were developed. The layouts for new and remodeled stores were developed on a computer, with software that allowed the costs to be estimated as the design evolved. All this cut store opening and remodeling costs significantly and shortened the process to about 18 weeks (Thompson, Peteraf et al, 2012). What is the compensation strategy that the company has used to motivate its employees to focus on the companys strategy and its execution? Howard Schultz deeply believed that Starbucks success was heavily dependent on customers having a very positive experience in its stores. This meant having store employees who were knowledgeable about the companys products, who paid attention to detail in preparing the companys espresso drinks, who eagerly communicated the companys passion for coffee, and who possessed the skills and personality to deliver consistent, pleasing customer service (Thompson, Peteraf et al, 2012). Some of the compensation strategy that Starbucks used to motivate its employees included instituting health care coverage for all employees whether full time or part time. From 1988, part timers working 20 or more hours were offered the same health coverage as full-time employees. Starbucks paid 75 percent of an employees health insurance premium; while the employee paid only 25 percent. The health insurance coverage was also offered for unmarried partners in a committed relationship (Thompson, A.A. et al., 201 2). The company also had presented a stock option plan for all employees .This was aimed at turning all employees into partners, giving them a chance to share in the success of the company, and make clear the connection between their contributions and the companys market value. The company also implemented an employee stock purchase plan that gave partners who had been employed for at least 90 days an opportunity to purchase company stock through regular payroll deductions. This had really motivated many employees and since the inception of this plan, some 23.5 million shares had been purchased by partners; and one third of these partners participated in stock purchase plan during the 2000-2009 period (Thompson, A.A. et al., 2012). Starbucks workplace environment was good for its employees. The management believed that the companys competitive pay scales and comprehensive benefits for both full time and part time partners allowed it to attract motivated people with above average ski lls and good work habits. How would you describe Starbucks corporate culture? What is the relevance of corporate culture for Starbucks future growth and success? The cornerstone value to build a company with soul was that Starbucks would never stop pursuing the perfect cup of coffee by buying the best beans and roasting them to perfection. Schultz and other senior executives were adamant about controlling the quality of Starbucks product and building a culture common to all stores. Schultz was rigidly opposed to selling artificially flavored coffee beans. The management was also emphatic about the importance of employees paying attention to what pleased customers (Thompson, A.A. et al., 2012). At the very base of the companys culture was its roots within the community. Howard Schultzs goal was to build a company with soul, which included corporate responsibility. In 1997 the Starbucks Foundation was established. The foundation was one of the largest contributors to C.A.R.E. which provided health and education programs to third world countries most of which Starbucks purchased its coffee beans. Starbucks is also committedÂÂ  to the enviro nment.ÂÂ  It has organizedÂÂ  a Green Team of store managers from all regions that assist the community in environmental efforts to reduce, reuse and recycle waste. The team has introduced innovative ways to reuse some of the paper, plastic and cardboard the store uses. They have reused packing materials and have donated these materials to local schools for art projects. These corporate cultures that Starbucks developed over the years had been very useful and would emphasize the companys growth into the future (Starbucks 2006).

Essay --

James and Descartes William James and Rene Descartes are both philosophers who created methods on how to find the truth in life. James created the pragmatic method and Descartes used reason. I think that these two methods are somewhat dissimilar for several reasons. The first reason, is because Descartes used his method to find proof in himself and urged others to use it to find truth in themselves as well whereas William James used the pragmatic method to help find the truth in two sides of an argument. In James’ first essay, he tries to explain what pragmatism is with a story about a camping trip he took with a few of his friends. The friends began to argue about whether a man and a squirrel pass each other while going around a tree but do not see one another. Pragmatism seems to be a little confusing at first. I had to reread the argument about the squirrel and the human a couple of times to understand what the argument was about. I personally agreed with the group who said the man did not go around the squirrel simply because physically, he did not pass the animal while going around the tree. When James explained what the pragmatic method was, I interpreted it as basically trying to find correctness in both arguments depending on how you’re looking at it. Descartes’ method is ultimately about finding the truth within yourself. He says that there are two types of people that would not benefit from his method: those who think they know more than they do and who lack the patience for such careful work, and those who are modest enough to think that they are more capable of finding out the truth if they follow a teacher. Descartes also creates a three to four maxim moral code to guide his behavior while he experiences his period... ...uire that â€Å"vital good†, if religion is true. I think that this is why I can’t fully agree with Descartes philosophy because I’m not a religious person. The majority of the time, I need physical evidence to believe in something. I don’t really feed into the â€Å"I think, therefore I am† philosophy because I wouldn’t want my religion/ my beliefs to be everything that I am. I do consider that humans have free will and are more than able to find the truth in something, but only if they are looking for it and doing anything whatsoever that is required to get the result you want, regardless of the methods used. It does not matter whether these methods are legal or illegal, fair or foul, kind or cruel, truth or lies, democratic or dictatorial, good or evil; we see this on an everyday basis in people’s actions which coincides with James’ statement â€Å"the end justifies the means†.

The Mayor Of Casterbridge Essay -- essays research papers

Literature: The Mayor of Casterbridge   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Can it be said that Henchard's downfall is all due to 'some great error?' Some may believe that it is a penance for selling Susan, but this would be to take Newson out of the equation, who, it must be said, is just as guilty of this act as Henchard. I believe that Henchard is totally blameless for his downfall, to use a bad pun that will become apparent later, it is in his nature. It is my belief that Henchard is a personification of nature. It is obvious that his life has completed a revolution but when you look closely, you can see that Henchard's life resembles the seasons.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Our first image of Henchard is one of winter, his clothing is described as '…a short jacket of brown corduroy…white horn buttons…and a straw hat overlaid with black glazed canvas.'; Black, brown and white conjure images of the countryside in the heart of winter for me. Hechard's life is in a rather bad point but things start looking up when he sells Susan, it is at this point that he moves into spring. We are told little of what happens between Susan's sale and when she comes looking for him but I would say that during this period Henchard passes through spring as he gives up liquor and moves into summer when he becomes mayor. When we next see Henchard he is on the brink of autumn, his progression down through the social strata is very autumnal as his creeps, inch by inch, t...